Besides being used as a weapon, a dagger is also often considered to have supernatural powers. These weapons are often cited in a variety of traditional legends, like the keris Mpu Gandring in legend of Ken Arok and Ken Dedes.
Procedures for the use of different dagger in their respective regions. In areas such as Javanese and Sundanese, a dagger is placed in the rear waist peacetime but is placed in front on the war.Meanwhile, in Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines, a dagger is placed in front.
In addition to a dagger stabbing weapons, there are a number of others in the archipelago, such as rencong from Aceh, badik from Sulawesi and West Java cleaver. Keris distinguished from other stabbing weapons primarily from the blade. Kris blade is not made from a cast in a single metal but a mixture of various metal layers. Due to this manufacturing technique, a dagger has a specific form of prestige on the blade.

Part – Part of Keris
Some terms in this section is taken from the Javanese tradition, simply because the available references.
Some experts classify aji tosan stabbing dagger as a weapon, so the main part of a keris is wilah (bar) or its lay language is like a blade. But since the dagger has other completeness, ie warangka (sarong) and part or carved dagger handles, then the unity of all its equipment is called a kris.
Keris dagger handles or upstream
Handbook kris (Javanese: diversity) is a variety of motives, for there are Balinese kris resembles gods, statues pedande, raksaka statues, sculptures of dancers, ascetic, forest, and there are carved with gold and precious stones kinatah.
Kris Handbook describes Sulawesi sea birds. It was as a symbol of some public profession of Sulawesi which is a sailor, while the bird is a symbol of world salvation. Like a bird’s head motif is also used in the kris Riau Linga, and for other areas as aji tosan development center such as Aceh, Bangkinang (Riau), Palembang, Sambas, Kutai, Bugis, Luwu, Java, Madura and Sulu, has carved kris and a different symbol. In addition, the materials used were derived from a variety of materials such as ivory, bone, metals, and most are wood.
To handle the keris Javanese, generally consist of wingking sirah (head back), jiling, cigir, superficial, bathuk (head front), weteng and cauliflower.

Warangka or sarong keris
Warangka, or sarong keris (Banjar language: kumpang), is a component of the keris has a specific function, especially in the social life of the Javanese society, not least because this is the part that looks directly. Warangka that originally made of wood (which generally are of teak, sandalwood, Timoho, and yellow). In line with the times there was an additional wrangka function as a reflection of social status for all its users. The top or ladrang-gayaman often replaced with ivory.
Broadly speaking there are two forms warangka, which is a type warangka ladrang consisting of the parts: tweezers, lata, beard, gandek, Godong (shaped like a leaf), axle, ri and cangkring.And the other kind is the kind wrangka gayaman (gandon) whose parts similar to wrangka ladrang but there is no tweezers, Godong, and gandek.
Rules of use wrangka form has been determined, although not absolute. Wrangka ladrang used for official ceremonies, say to the king, the official palace of the other events (the coronation, the appointment of royal officials, marriage, etc.) with the intention of respect. Procedures for its use is to slip axle dagger in the folds of the belt (Stagen) on the back of the waist (including as consideration for the safety of the king). While wrangka gayaman used for daily necessities, and the dagger is placed on the front (near the waist) or at the back (waist rear).
In war, that is used is wrangka gayaman kris, its consideration is a practical and concise terms, because wrangka gayaman better enable quick and easy to move, because its shape is more simple.
Ladrang and gayaman is wrangka shaped pattern, and the main body according wrangka function is long-shaped bottom (along wilah kris) called the axle or antupan, then the function is to wrap wilah axle (blade) and is usually made of wood (considered to wilah not damage the metal barium mixture).
Because the axle to wrap functions, so that the function of beauty does not come first, then to be coated, such as cachets memperindahnya-cylinder called pendok. Part pendok (layer sleeves) this is usually carved out a very beautiful, made of brass, the atmosphere (a mixture of copper gold), silver, gold. For areas outside of Java (among the kings of the Bugis, Goa, Palembang, Riau, Bali) pendoknya made of gold, along with additional decoration such as embroidery string of gold and diamond studded diamond flower.
For the Javanese kris, according to their form pendok there are three kinds, namely (1) pendok Bunton shaped shells without hemisphere flat on its side, (2) pendok cantaloupe (blengah) longitudinal split up at one end so that the axle will be seen, and (3) pendok topengan of splittings only in the middle. When viewed from the decorations, there are two types of pendok pendok pendok carved and plain (without engraving).

Wilah
Wilah or wilahan is the main part of a dagger, and also consists of certain parts that are not the same for every wilahan, which is usually called the kitchen, or the naming of various forms of on-blade wilah (there are dozens of kitchen). For example, to mention a tall kitchen Mayang, bachelor lola, pinarak, diadem murub, cauliflower, kebo tedan, Pudak sitegal, etc..
At the base there wilahan pesi, which is the lower end of a keris or keris. These sections into dagger handles (engraving). This Pesi length between 5 cm to 7 cm, with a cross section of about 5 mm to 10 mm, elliptical shape like a pencil. In the area of East Java, called pivot, in Riau called the nipple, while for the regions of Sarawak, Brunei and Malaysia called Punung.
At the base (the base of the keris) or the bottom of a keris is called cannabis (for local calls aring peninsula Malays). In the center there is a hole pesi (round) just to enter pesi, so that part wilah and cannabis were inseparable. Aji tosan cultural observers say that the unity that symbolizes the unity of phallus and yoni, which represents the symbol of the yoni marijuana while symbolizing lingganya pesi. This cursory marijuana shaped lizard, the front part is called sirah lizards, called Gulu meled the neck, belly and tail is called wetengan called sebit ron.Variety of forms of cannabis have all kinds, wilut, dungkul, leeches and sebit rontal blinking.
Luke, is a winding section of wilah-blade dagger, and the views from the shape of the keris can be divided into two major categories, namely the keris keris blade is straight and the winding or luk. One simple way to calculate luk at the bar, starting from the base toward the tip of the keris keris, calculated from the convex side and carried out on both sides either side of the (right-left), then the last number is the number of luk at wilah-blades and the number is always odd (odd) and never even, and the smallest is the luk three (3) and most are luk thirteen (13). If there are a number of luk kris its more than thirteen, usually called kalawija kris, or dagger is unusual.

Tough Keris
In the area known grouping called the keris which could mean tough period of manufacture or production style. This is similar to Javanese dance styles such as Yogyakarta and Surakarta.An understanding of respite will help identify the physical features of a keris.
Some commonly known as tough:
Majapahit tough
Pajajaran tough
tough Mataram
Yogyakarta tough
Surakarta tough.

History
Kris depiction in relief of Borobudur.
Origin of the keris as we know it now still have not explained very well. Javanese temple reliefs on more shows knights with weapons more Indians his element.

Keris Buddhist and Indian influence-China
Early kingdoms of Indonesia is very much influenced by Buddhist and Hindu culture. Temples in Central Java is the main source of the culture period. What was shocking was the least use of the dagger or something similar to it. Relief at Borobudur did not show a knife similar to a kris dagger.
From archaeological findings many experts agree that the proto-dagger-shaped knife with a blade thick, straight and wide. One type is the kris kris family owned Knaud, obtained from Sri Paku Alam V. This keris reliefs on its surface that contains the epic Ramayana and there are in Java, 1264 (1342 AD), although there are doubts penanggalannya.
Cultural influence of China may be entering through the Dong Son culture (Vietnam) which is a liaison between China and the world culture of Malays. There sajen keris that has human form with a dagger hilt Dong Son.

Keris “Modern”
Keris which we now know is the result of a long evolutionary process. Modern keris is a dagger known as a unique piercer. Keris obtain forms at the time of Majapahit (14th century) and Mataram Sultanate new (-century 17-18).
Kris observers and collectors prefer to categorize it as an ancient dagger and a new kris (Javanese: NEM-nèman). Ancient Keris created before the 19th century, making use of raw metal ore material extracted from natural sources and meteorites (as there is no metal smelting factory), so that the metal that is used still contain many types of other alloys, such as iron ore containing titanium, cobalt, silver, tin, nickel, copper etc.. New keris (after the 19th century) usually only use materials of iron, steel and nickel from the smelting of iron ore, or scrap metal (per vehicle parts, iron bridges, railway iron, etc.) that the average is produced in factories, so that Guaranteed purity, or very little likelihood of other types of metals. Suppose Arumbinang Haryono research, Sudyartomo and Budi Santosa (BATAN Yogyakarta nuclear scholar) in 1990, showed that a keris with tough Tuban, kitchen Tilam Upih and prestige of Rice Wutah fact contain iron (Fe), arsenic (arsenic) and Titanium (Ti) , according to the researchers that the keris is “an ancient dagger,” for the element titanium metal, new metal is found as an element of independence in the years around 1940, and metals which exceed the hardness of steel but much lighter than steel, widely used as a tool of modern transportation (plane aircraft, spacecraft) or a rocket, so at that time the technology has not been present in Indonesia.Titanium many meteorites found on rocks and sand iron is usually from the South Beach area and also Sulawesi. From the 14th of the keris being researched, the average alloy contains many other species such as cromium, Stanum, stibinium, silver, copper and zinc, as much as kris 13 contains titanium and only one dagger that contain nickel.
New keris can be immediately known because of its metal content type mpu (kris craftsmen) to buy its raw materials at a hardware store, such as iron, nickel, brass etc.. They do not use raw materials from iron ore (eg taken from mining) or stone meteorite, so it does not need to be analyzed with a radioactive isotope. So if there is suspicion of the keris as a result of engineering, or new kris kris-looking ancient, the research will be easy to express it.
Source: Excerpted from the Workshop Art Exhibition tosan Aji, Bentara Budaya Jakarta, Budiarto Danujaya, Jakarta, 1996

Some Famous Kris Heritage Namely …
Keris Mpu Gandring
Heritage Satan Keris Kober
Keris Kyai Sengkelat
Inten kris Belt Heritage Nagasasra
Keris Kyai Carubuk
Keris Kyai Lean Mix
Keris Taming Sari

Mount Rinjani is a mountain located on the island of Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Mountain which is the second highest volcano in Indonesia with an altitude of 3726 m above sea level and is located at latitude 8 º 25 ‘latitude and 116 º 28′ E This is a favorite for mountain climbers from Indonesia because of the beauty of the landscape. This mountain is part of Mount Rinjani National Park which has an area of about 41 330 ha and this will therefore be proposed adding 76 000 hectares to the west and east.
Administratively this mountain in the territory of three districts: East Lombok, Central Lombok and West Lombok.

Topography
Segara Anak crater lake with Mount Barujari the lake views from the summit of Mount Rinjani in the east.
Mount Rinjani with the highest point 3726 m above sea level, dominating most of the northern part of Lombok Island scenery.
In the west there is a caldera cone Rinjani area of approximately 3500 m × 4800 m, extending west towards the east you. In the caldera have Segara Anak (ocean = sea, lake) covering 11 million sq m with a depth of 230 m. Water that flows from this lake to form a beautiful waterfall, flowing through a steep ravine. At Segara Anak numerous carp and tilapia that are often used for fishing. The southern part of this lake called Segara Endut.
On the east side of the caldera there are New Mountain (or Mount Barujari) which has a crater the size of 170m × 200 m with a height of 2296-2376 m above sea level. This small mountain last active / erupted from the date of May 2, 2009 and during May, after the previous eruption in 2004 also. [2] [3] If the eruption in 2004 claimed no lives, eruption in 2009 has cost the lives of 31 people indirectly , due to flash floods in the crow (River) Tanggek due to the insistence of lava into the Segara Anak. [4] Previously, Mount Barujari ever recorded erupted in 1944 (and its formation), in 1966, and 1994.
Apart from the crater of Mount Barujari there are also others who have erupted, called Mount Entourage.

Climbing
To reach Mount Rinjani, climbers can use the direct bus from Jakarta to Mataram, by using the ferry crossing twice (the Strait of Bali and Lombok Strait). The relationship there is also air from Jakarta, Surabaya and Denpasar.
Rinjani has Panaroma that could be considered the best among the mountains in Indonesia.Each year (June-August) are frequently visited by lovers of nature ranging from local residents, students, nature lovers. Temperatures average around 20 ° C; the lowest 12 ° C. Strong winds at the top of the ordinary happened in the month of August. End of July this lucky, the wind is still quite weak and the weather is bright enough, so the ascent to the summit can be done anytime.
Besides the peak, a place often visited is ly, a crater lake at an altitude of 2000 masl. To reach this location we can climb from the village or village Senaru Sembalun Lawang (two nearest entry point at an altitude of 500 masl and 1200 masl). Many climbers like the start entry of Sembalun direction, because it could save 700m altitude. Sembalun rather long route but flat, and the weather is hotter because it is through the scorching savanna (cold temperatures, but direct solar radiation burns the skin). shading cream is highly recommended.
From the direction Senaru climbs without a pause, but soft because of the weather through the forest. Of the two locations takes approximately nine hours on foot toward the lip at an altitude of 2700 masl ridge (arrived at Plawangan Senaru or Plawangan Sembalun). In this place overlooking the lake, or to the outside is very good. From Plawangan Senaru (if rising from the direction Senaru) fell into the lake via a steep wall to a height of 2000 masl) that can be reached within two hours. At the lake we can camping, fishing (Carper, Oreochromis mossambicus), which are many. Lombok residents have a tradition of visiting the ocean for a bath in the pond tillers hot water and fishing.
To reach the top (of the lake) had to walk up the west wall and climbed as high as 700m-high ridge 1.000m taken second stage MLP 3 hours and 4 hours. The first stage towards Plawangan Sembalun, the last camp to await the morning. Summit attack is usually done in three hours at dawn to find the beautiful moments – the sunrise at the summit of Rinjani. Journey to the Top pertained rather, because climbing the crater lip with a safety margin of a mediocre. Field of sand, stones, soil. Final height of 200 meters must be pursued with some difficulty, because one step forward followed by a half step down (fallen rocks gravel). Create Highlander – this is where the most challenging and desirable because of the rough terrain paid off with the beautiful natural scenery. Gunung Agung in Bali, Mount Ijen-Merapi in Banyuwangi and Mount Tambora on Sumbawa clearly visible when the weather is good in the morning. To climb Rinjani no tools required, just stamina, patience and “passion”.
The entire trip can be achieved in the course of three days and two nights, or if you happen to see two other objects: Cave New Finger Milk and mountain (Mount Rinjani child with a new crater in the middle of the lake) will need an additional two days of travel. Logistical preparation is necessary, but fortunately everything can be obtained at the nearest village. Tent, sleeping bag, eating utensils, food and whatever is needed (including radio communications) can be rented from the homestay, homestay is flourishing in the village Senaru.

Gadang Clock is the name for a clock tower situated in the heart of Bukittinggi, West Sumatra Province. Clock Tower is the name given to the Minangkabau society’s clock tower building, because it has a clock tower was a “large sieve”, or “large-hour” (hour gadang = clock; “large sieve” means big in the Minangkabau language).

In such a phenomenal building clock tower is called the Clock Tower was built at the time, so since the founding of the Clock Tower has become the focus of every person. It also resulted in the Clock Tower of land used as markers or markers of Bukittinggi and also as one of the icons of West Sumatra province.

Clock Tower built in 1926 by architect Guido AMEH Sutan Yazid. This clock was a gift from the Dutch Queen to Rook Maker, Controleur (City Secretary) Bukittinggi in the first Government of the Netherlands East Indies. The first stone laying of this clock is the first son Rook Maker, who was then 6 years old.

Ground-plan (footprint of buildings overlooking the following steps towards the market) from the Clock Tower is 13×4 meters while the height of 26 meters.

Clock Tower was moved mechanically and consists of four hours / four-face clock overlooking the four compass directions with every 80 cm in diameter clock face.

This clock tower has undergone several changes in the form at the top. At first peak of this clock tower is round and above it stood the statue of a rooster. We went to colonize Indonesia, the Japanese occupation government to change it to shape the top of pagoda. At the time of independence, the shape changed again into ornaments Minangkabau traditional house.

Construction of the Clock Tower was supposed to spend a total development cost Gulden 3000, the cost of belonging to the size of a fantastic time. But it paid off with the famous Clock Tower as well as markers of land which became a symbol or icon of Bukittinggi. Clock Tower is also specified as the zero point of Bukittinggi.

There is a uniqueness of Roman numerals on the face of this Clock Tower. When the writing of Roman numerals usually include the symbol “IV” to symbolize the number four roman, the Clock Tower was marked with the number four roman symbol “IIII” (usually IV).

Family Elephantidae (Elephant) is the family of the order Pachyderm, and the only remaining family of the order Proboscidea.

Elephant is one of the animals that exist in Indonesia. Elephants are mammals and is the largest land animal in the world. There are 2 species of elephants in the world, namely:

1. Asian Elephant (formerly known as the Indian Elephant)
2. African Elephant

Elephant Species

African elephants are the largest land animal in the world. Throughout the year there were 55 million 500 known species of elephant and the only two extant species of Asian elephants and African elephants. Species of Asian Elephants and African Elephants initially divided about two million years earlier.

Different Asian elephants than African elephants. Asian elephants have smaller ears less than the African elephant, has a flat forehead, and two tubers at the elephant head is the highest peak, compared with the African elephant has only one hump on the head. In addition, the tip of the Asian elephant’s trunk has only a 1 lip, while African elephants have a 2 lip on the tip of the proboscis. Both sexes have the African elephant ivory while only male Asian elephants have tusks are clearly visible.

Characteristic

Distribution of Asian elephants include India, Southeast Asia including Indonesia and the western part of Sabah (East Malaysia). While African elephants persebaranya includes most of the African mainland in the form of pasture.

In Indonesia, there are elephants in Sumatra (Sumatran elephants) and at the Regency, East Kalimantan (borneo elephant).

Food

Elephants are herbivores. He spends 16 hours a day to collect food crops. Diet consists of at least 50% grasses, coupled with leaves, twigs, roots, and a little fruit, seeds and flowers. Because elephants only digest 40% of which he ate, they must consume food in large quantities. Adult elephant can consume 300 to 600 pounds (140-270 kg) of food per day. Sixty percent of the food left in the body of an elephant or insoluble.

Reproduction

As a member of the class Mammalia, elephant breeding with lambing. Elephant will keep her child until able to stand.

Social Behavior

Elephants live in a structured social order. Social lives of male and female are different. Females spent most of his life in a family group consisting of mothers, daughters, sisters, and aunts. This group is led by the oldest female. While adult male spends his time in his own life (not in groups).

Elephant gestation period is 22 months, the longest compared to other terrestrial animals. Child weight 120 kilograms of elephants in general. An elephant can live for 70 years.

Elephants also been used in war as war elephants, which are used to attack the enemy. Elephants are the only mammals in the world who can not jump.

Pendet dance was originally a cult which was exhibited at many temples, places of worship for Hindus people in Bali, Indonesia. This dance symbolizes the welcoming of the gods fall into the natural world. Gradually, as the development of times, changing Pendet Balinese artists to “welcome”, although still containing elements of the sacred-religious. Creator / choreographer of modern dance is a form of I Wayan Rindi.

Pendet is a declaration of a gift in the form of ceremonial dances. Unlike dances performances that require intensive training, Pendet be danced by all people, pemangkus men and women, adults and girls.

This dance is taught simply by following the movement and rarely performed in the row-row. The young girls follow the movements of more senior women who understand their responsibilities in providing a good example.

This daughter has a dance movement pattern that is more dynamic than Rejang Dance that was delivered in groups or pairs. Usually appear after the Rejang Dance in the courtyard of temples and generally facing the direction of the sacred (pelinggih) with ceremonial dress, and each dancer brings sangku, jars, bowls, and accessories of other offerings.

‘Tanah Lot Temple’ is a tourist attraction in Bali, Indonesia. Here are two temples are situated on a large rock. One is located on the boulder and the other is located on the cliffs similar to Uluwatu Temple. Pura Tanah Lot is part of the temple Dang heaven. Pura Tanah Lot sea temple is a place of worship the gods of the sea guards.

Legenda

According to legend, this temple was built by a Brahmin who wandered from Java. He is successful Nirartha Danghyang strengthen the belief of the Balinese Hindus will be teaching and developing the heaven Sad in the 16th century. At that time the ruler Tanah Lot, Bendesa Beraben, jealous of him because his followers began to leave and follow Nirartha Danghyang. Beraben Bendesa Nirartha Danghyang told to leave the Tanah Lot. He agreed, and before he left the Tanah Lot with its power to move the boulder into the middle of the beach (not into the sea) and built temples there. He also changed into a snake scarf temple guards. This snake was still there until now and is scientifically snakes including sea snakes that have the characteristics of a flat tail like a fish, striped black and yellow and has a poison 3 times stronger than cobra snake. End of the legend has it that Bendesa Beraben ‘finally’ Danghyang Nirartha be a follower.

Location
The atmosphere on the beach Tanah Lot

Sightseeing lot of land situated in the Village Beraban Kediri Tabanan district, about 13 km west of Tabanan. North Pura Tanah Lot is a temple located on the cliff that jutted into the sea. This cliff temple connects to the mainland and shaped like a bridge (arch). Tanah Lot, famous as a beautiful place to watch the sunset (sunset), the tourists usually crowded the afternoon to see the beauty of the sunset here.

Facilities

From the parking lot to the temple area are often found art shop and cafe bar to eat or just drink. Also available is a toilet cleaner who rent cheap enough for even domestic tourists pockets.

Hari Raya

Temple ceremony or feast day is celebrated in this temple every 210 days, the same as pretending to others. The fall close to the celebration of Galungan and Kuningan is precisely the Holy Day Cemeng Langkir Buda. At that time, people will be busy praying prayers at Temple is.

Fatahillah Museum is also known as the Jakarta History Museum or the Museum of Batavia is a museum located at Jalan Taman Fatahillah No. 2, West Jakarta with area of more than 1300 square meters.

This building was once the Stadhuis or City Hall, which was built in 1707-1710 by order of Governor-General Johan Van Hoorn. Town Hall building was similar to the Dam Palace in Amsterdam, consisting of the main building with two wings in the east and west and sanding buildings used as an office, court room, and room basement that is used as a prison.

On March 30, 1974, the building was later formalized as the Museum Fatahillah.

Architecture
Stadhuis building in the early 20th century, connected by tram to the center line of government in Weltevreden area.

Architecture building style 17th-century classical baroque style with three floors with ground yellow paint, door frames and windows of teak dark green. The main roof has a pointer cardinal directions.

This museum has an area of more than 1300 square meters. Yard with konblok arrangement, and a pool decorated with several old trees.

Collection
Plang Fatahillah Memorial Museum Building which was formerly the City Hall

Objects that can be found in this museum include historical Jakarta, replicas of relics and Pajajaran Tarumanegara period, the results of archaeological excavations in Jakarta, antique furniture from the 17th century until the 19th, which is a fusion of European style, People’s Republic of China, and Indonesia. There are also ceramics, pottery, and stone inscriptions. These collections are located in different spaces, such as Jakarta Prehistoric Room, Room Tarumanegara, Jayakarta Room, Room Fatahillah, Sultan Agung Room, and Room MH Thamrin.

There are also various collections of Betawi culture, numismatic, and rickshaws. Even now also placed a statue of the god Hermes (according to Greek mythology, the god of good fortune and protection for the merchants) which was located at the intersection Harmony and the cannons that are considered robust have magical powers. In addition, the Museum there is also a former Fatahillah dungeons that once could be used in the Dutch colonial era.

History

In 1937, Oud Batavia Foundation to submit plans to build a museum on the history of Batavia, the foundation will then buy the company’s warehouse Geo Wehry & Co. located in the eastern time, precisely at Jalan Besar. Pintu Besar Utara No.. 27 (now Museum Wayang), and rebuild it as a Museum Oud Batavia. Old Batavia Museum was opened to the public in 1939.

At the time of independence turned into a museum Museum Old Sydney under the auspices of IFI (Lembaga Kebudayaan Indonesia) and later in the year 1968”Old”Djakarta Museum submitted to the Government of Jakarta. Governor of Jakarta at the time, Ali Sadikin, then inaugurated the building is a Museum of Jakarta on March 30, 1974.

To improve the performance and appearance, Jakarta History Museum since 1999 determined to make this museum not only a place to take care of, displaying objects from the period of Batavia, but also should be a place for all people both Indonesian and foreign nations, children, people even for adults with disabilities to gain more knowledge and experience and can be enjoyed as a place of recreation. For the Jakarta History Museum to provide information on the long journey of history of Jakarta, since prehistoric times to the present in a more rekreatif. In addition, through the procedures Jakarta History Museum pamernya attempted to describe the “Jakarta Convention Center For Culture” of the various ethnic groups from both inside and outside Indonesia and Jakarta city full of history. Jakarta History Museum is also always trying to organize activities so that they can rekreatif to merangasang visitors attracted to Jakarta and raise awareness of the importance of cultural heritage.

Building History

Jakarta History Museum Building built in 1620 by” ‘Governor-General Jan Pieterszoon Coen “‘ as the City Hall building to two in 1626 (the first City Hall was built in 1620 near the East Kalibesar). Historically, this building is only single-stage and second-level development built later. Year 1648 is very poor building conditions. Land Jakarta is very unstable and the weight of the building causing the building down from the surface soil. A simple solution is made by the Dutch government is not changing the existing foundation, but the floor is raised about 2 feet, which is 56 cm. According to a report of 5 fruit cells under the building was built in 1649. Year 1665 the main building was widened by adding each of the rooms in the West and East. After that some improvements and changes in the building stadhuis and prisons continue to be done to shape what we see today.

The building is also used to stadhuis also used as the Raad van Justitie””(council courts) which later in the year 1925-1942 the building was used as the Government Office of West Java Province in 1942-1945 and used for the office of the Dai Nippon collection logistics. Year 1952 Military Command headquarters city (KMK) I, which later became West Jakarta District Military Command 0503. Year 1968 submitted to the Government of DKI Jakarta, and inaugurated the Museum of History Jakartapada dated March 30, 1974.

Like most of Europe, the City Hall building is equipped with so-called”field’’stadhuisplein. According to a painting of the money made by the employees VOC” ‘Johannes Rach “‘ which comes from” ‘Danish’ ‘, in the middle of the field there is a fountain which is the only source of water for local communities. The water was coming from Glodok Jewel of the pipe to dihubungakan with stadhuiplein. In 1972, excavations conducted on the field and found foundation fountain complete with pipes. So with that historical evidence can be rebuilt according to drawings of Johannes Rach, and created a fountain in the middle of Fatahillah Park. In 1973 Pemda DKI Jakarta enable back garden with a new name is” ‘Fatahillah Park’ to commemorate the founding Fatahillah commander of Jakarta.

Sejarah Kota Jakarta

Based on archaeological excavations, there is evidence that the first settlement in Jakarta is in Ciliwung river. This settlement comes from the expected 2500 BC (Early Neolothicum). The first written evidence is found Tugu inscription issued by King Tarumanegara in the 5th century. Inscription is evidence of religious activity at the time. In the next period around the 12th century this area under the control of the Sunda kingdom with the famous harbor of Sunda Kelapa harbor.

In this period the agreement held between the Portuguese trade with the king of Sunda. In the 17th century, trade with foreign parties expanded, Sunda Kelapa harbor turned into Jayakarta (1527) and later became Batavia (1619). In 1942 the Japanese seized control of the hand and the powerful Dutch in Indonesia until the year 1945.

Collection

Perbendaharaannya reach 23,500 pieces of heritage comes from the Old Museum Jakarta (Oud Batavia Museum), the results of procurement efforts Jakarta administration and donations from private individuals and institutions. Consist of various materials either similar or mixed, including metal, stone, wood, glass, crystal, pottery, ceramics, porcelain, cloth, leather, paper and bone. Among the collection are worthy of note adalam Meriam people of the robust, partition, Hermes statue, sword of execution, filing cabinets, painting the Governor General of East India Company Dutch East Indies in 1602-1942, a round table diameter of 2.25 meters with no connection, equipment prehistoric society, inscriptions and weapons .

Collection on display consists of more than 500 pieces, others are stored in the storage (storage space). Age collection has reached over 1500 years in the collections of prehistoric people living equipment such as stone axes, picks square, earthenware jars. Jakarta Museum Collection Old heritage comes from the 18th century and 19 as chairs, tables, file cabinets, beds and weapons. Rotation performed periodically so that all collections can be enjoyed by visitors. To enrich the treasury museum collections to the public the opportunity individuals and institutions to lend or donate his collection to the Museum of History of Jakarta.

Tata Fixed Pamer

By following the dynamics of community development requires a change from drowning in a static and boring, and supported by policies set out in the vision and mission of the museum, the museum organization oriented to the interests of the public service, the system still show off Jakarta History Museum is based on the chronological history of Jakarta, and Jakarta As with the cultural convention center from various ethnic groups from both inside and outside Indonesia, to display a chronological history of stories based on Jakarta in the form of display, it takes its collection relating to the history and graphically supported by using the photographs , the drawings and sketches, maps and labels to be easily understood explanations in relation to historical factors and historical background of Jakarta.

While the presentation of the cultural nuances as well as artistically packaged where visible to the process of cultural interaction between tribes. Dencan customized setting the most effective way to live the culture that is so may invite public participation. Structuring grammar fixed display Jakarta History Museum terencama done, gradually, schematic and artistic. So that raises the comfort and add insight for visitors.

Activities

Since 2001 up to 2002 Jakarta History Museum Nusantara Arts Program held every week-to-II and IV for the year 2003 Jakarta History Museum This activity focuses on the nuanced Betawi art associated with tourism activities of the old village III setian week each month.

In addition, since 2001 the Jakarta History Museum holds seminars annually about the presence of Jakarta History Museum, both national and international, who has conducted seminars included a seminar about the existence of museums in terms of various aspects and international seminars on museum architecture.

To reconstruct the history of past events, especially the trial of convicted people, the theater presented the court where the public can berimporvisasi about the implementation of the court as well as understand the soul era in the 17th century.

Facilities

* Library

Jakarta History Museum Library has a collection of book titles in 1200. For the visitors can take advantage of these libraries and at the Museum working days. The books are mostly relics of the colonial period, in various languages including Dutch, Melayu, English and Arabic. The oldest is the Bible / Holy Bible in 1702.

* Local Museum

The museum cafe with comfortable atmosphere nuanced Jakarta doeloe”tempo”, offering food and beverages are familiar with your tastes.

* Souvenir Shop

The museum provides a gift for a keepsake yand visitors can be obtained at the souvenir shop with affordable prices.

* Mosque

You do not need to worry about losing time praying, because we provide a small mosque with the equipment.

* Meeting and Exhibition

Providing room for the activities of representative meetings, discussions, seminars and exhibitions with a seating capacity of more than 150 people.

* Park In

A beautiful park with an area of over 1000 meters, and can be used for wedding receptions.

Left Open Tuesday to Sunday Jam 09.00 – 15.00 WIB on Monday and Holidays Closed

Price alerts Sign Adult Rp. 2000 Student Rp. 1000 Student / Child Rp. Adult Rp 600 group. Student group 1500 USD. 750 Group Student / Child Rp. 500

The delegation of at least 20 people.

National Monument or the popular or shortened by the Monas National Monument is one of the memorial erected to commemorate the resistance and the Indonesian people’s struggle against the Dutch colonialists.

History

National Monument is located in Monument Square, Central Jakarta, was built in 1961an decade. The National Memorial was built in the area of 80 hectares. This monument Soedarsono and diarsiteki by Frederich Silaban, with consultants Ir. Rooseno, began construction in August 1959, and August 17, 1961 was inaugurated by President Soekarno. And the Monument was officially opened to the public on July 12, 1975.

Monas monument, adding aims commemorate and preserve the Indonesian struggle for independence during the 1945 revolution, so terbangkitnya inspiration and patriotism of this generation and the next moment.

Monas towering and symbolizes the phallus (pestle or anatan) the full dimensions of typical Indonesian national culture. All parking cup symbolizes yoni (barn). Alu and barns are household appliances that are almost in every house the indigenous population of Indonesia.

Monument Square experiencing five times the renaming Gambier Field, Field Ikada, Merdeka Square, National Monument Square and Monument Park. Around the monument there are gardens, two ponds and some open field where the exercise

Construction and Exhibition at the National Monument Kermedekaan Day 2007

The memorial forms of this one is very unique. Obeliks stone marble yoni phallus-shaped symbol is the high fertility of 132 m.

National Monument at the top there is the cup-shaped supporting bronze torches weighing 14.5 tons and 35kg gold coated. Or torch flame is a symbol of struggle of the Indonesian people who want to achieve independence.

The parking area of the peak with the 11×11 can accommodate as many as 50 guests. At around the body of an elevator emergency staircase made of iron. From the top of the monument Monas courtyard, visitors can enjoy spectacular views across the city Jakarta. Southerly direction with a strong standing in the distance Mount Salak in Bogor regency, West Java, stretching north sea with small islands scattered. When turned to the West extends the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport is visible every time the plane took off.

From the top platform, 17 m back to the top, there were flames, made of bronze weighing 14.5 tons and a diameter of 6 m, consists of 77 sections joined together. Top of the monument of the court “Fire Nan unflagging” which means that symbolizes the Nation in Indonesia to fight never subsided all time. High court of the cup from the bottom of the 17 m and 8 m. The historical museum Broad courtyard of a square, measuring 45×45 m, is the preservation of sacred figures Independence Proclamation (17-8-1945).

Monas area visitors, who will climb the peak parking Monas monument or museum, can be through the entrance to the park plaza around Merdeka Square, in the north of Monument Park. Nearby there is the fountain and statue of Prince Diponegoro, who was riding a horse, made of bronze weighing 8 tons.

The statue was created by Italian sculptor, Prof.. Coberlato as a contribution by the Consulate General Honores, Dr Mario in Indonesia. Through the tunnel that is 3 m below the park and cross the street this Monument, visitor entrance monument Monas gated peak “Yellow Bamboo”.

Monument foundation height 3 m, there is space underneath the historical museum of national struggle with the size of 80×80 m wide, can accommodate about 500 people visitors.

On the fourth side of the room there are 12 dedicated window displays events from the time of the ancestral life of Indonesia. Entire walls, pillars and marble floors. In addition, the independence of the amphitheater-shaped, located in the cup Monas monument, depicting the islands maps attribute the Republic of Indonesia, Independence, red and white flag and symbol of state and the gate door that read the script of the Republic of Indonesia Independence.

At the National Monument building also contains a museum and a hall for meditation. The visitors could climb up to the top by using the elevator. Of or National Monument can be seen from the top of the Jakarta city monuments. Monuments and museums are open every day, starting at 09.00 – 16.00.

The memorial forms of this one is very unique. Obeliks stone marble yoni phallus-shaped symbol is the high fertility of 132 m.

National Monument at the top there is the cup-shaped supporting bronze torches weighing 14.5 tons and 35kg gold coated. Or torch flame is a symbol of struggle of the Indonesian people who want to achieve independence.

The parking area of the peak with the 11×11 can accommodate as many as 50 guests. At around the body of an elevator emergency staircase made of iron. From the top of the monument Monas courtyard, visitors can enjoy spectacular views across the city Jakarta. Southerly direction with a strong standing in the distance Mount Salak in Bogor regency, West Java, stretching north sea with small islands scattered. When turned to the West extends the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport is visible every time the plane took off.

From the top platform, 17 m back to the top, there were flames, made of bronze weighing 14.5 tons and a diameter of 6 m, consists of 77 sections joined together.

Top of the monument of the court “Fire Nan unflagging” which means that symbolizes the Nation in Indonesia to fight never subsided all time. High court of the cup from the bottom of the 17 m and 8 m. The historical museum Broad courtyard of a square, measuring 45×45 m, is the preservation of sacred figures Independence Proclamation (17-8-1945).

Monas area visitors, who will climb the peak parking Monas monument or museum, can be through the entrance to the park plaza around Merdeka Square, in the north of Monument Park. Nearby there is the fountain and statue of Prince Diponegoro, who was riding a horse, made of bronze weighing 8 tons.

The statue was created by Italian sculptor, Prof.. Coberlato as a contribution by the Consulate General Honores, Dr Mario in Indonesia. Through the tunnel that is 3 m below the park and cross the street this Monument, visitor entrance monument Monas gated peak “Yellow Bamboo”.

Monument foundation height 3 m, there is space underneath the historical museum of national struggle with the size of 80×80 m wide, can accommodate about 500 people visitors.

On the fourth side of the room there are 12 dedicated window displays events from the time of the ancestral life of Indonesia. Entire walls, pillars and marble floors. In addition, the independence of the amphitheater-shaped, located in the cup Monas monument, depicting the islands maps attribute the Republic of Indonesia, Independence, red and white flag and symbol of state and the gate door that read the script of the Republic of Indonesia Independence.

At the National Monument building also contains a museum and a hall for meditation. The visitors could climb up to the top by using the elevator. Of or National Monument can be seen from the top of the Jakarta city monuments. Monuments and museums are open every day, starting at 09.00 – 16.00.

Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII) is a cultural tourist areas in Jakarta. Located at coordinates 6 ° 18′6 .8 “S, 106 ° 53′47 .2″ BT, in the middle there is a lake TMII depicting the great Indonesian archipelago in small form.

History

The idea of development that includes a complete miniature Indonesia with everything in it is triggered by the First Lady, Siti Hartinah, is better known as Ibu Tien Soeharto. This idea tercetus at a meeting in Jalan Cendana no. 8 Jakarta on March 13, 1970. Through this miniature is expected to generate a sense of pride and a sense of love of the country in the entire Indonesian nation. So began a project called Project Thumbnail Indonesia “Indonesia Indah”, undertaken by Yayasan Harapan Kita.

TMII built in 1972 and inaugurated on April 20, 1975. Various aspects of natural and cultural richness of Indonesia until the utilization of modern technology exhibited in the area of 150 hectares.

Logo and mascot

TMII a logo that essentially consists of two letters I and I. The two letters represent the name “Indonesia Indah” while the mascot of Hanuman puppet character called Nitra (Anjani Putra). Mascot Taman Mini “Indonesia Indah” was established usage by Mrs. Tien Soeharto, to coincide with the bi monodon TMII age, in 1991.

Pavilion area

In Indonesia, almost every tribe has a shape and a different style buildings, not even a tribe rarely have more than one type of traditional buildings. Building or traditional architecture which they have always dilatarbetakangi by environmental conditions and culture owned. In TMII, the picture is realized through the Pavilion area, which represents tribes located in 33 provinces of Indonesia.

Recreational Facilities
* Palace of Indonesian Children
* Train suspension
* Arsipel Swan Boat Indonesia
* Among Putro Park
* Taman Ria Atmaja
* Ambar Tirta Pool Park
* Keong Emas IMAX Theaters

IMAX Theaters conch in Mas played a variety of films ranging from environmentally-themed films and the archipelago until the movies are box office turned into a special resolution for IMAX theater. Some of them are Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, and Spiderman 2.

* Village Tour
* Teater Tanah Airku
* Snow Bay, swimming pool

Park

In TMII there are many parks that shows the beauty of flora and fauna of Indonesia such as garden orchids, jasmine gardens, ponds and freshwater aquariums bird park.

Museum

The museum is intended to showcase the history, culture and technology such as Indonesia Museum, Heritage Museum, Museum of Transportation, and the Center for Science and Technology Demonstration.

Eiffel Tower (French: Tour Eiffel, / tuʀ ɛfɛl /) is an iron tower built on the Champ de Mars at the edge of the River Seine in Paris. This tower has become a global icon of France and one of the world famous structure.

Introduction

Named after its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the Eiffel Tower is the tallest building in Paris and one of the world famous structure. More than 200,000,000 people have visited the tower since its construction in 1889, including 6,719,200 people in 2006, making it cost monument the most visited in the world. Including antenna height 24 m (79 ft), this structure has a height 325 m (1063 ft) since 2000, the same 81-story conventional building.
Eiffel Tower in October 2007

When the tower was completed in 1889, this structure became the tallest in the world – a title it retained until 1930 when the Chrysler Building in New York City (319 m – 1047 feet) completed. The tower is now the fifth-tallest in France and the highest in Paris, with the second highest structure of the Tour Montparnasse (210 m – 689 ft), although it would be surpassed by Tour AXA (225.11 m – 738.36 ft).
Eiffel Tower from the neighborhood.

The metal structure of the Eiffel Tower weighs 7300 tons while the entire structure including non-metal components weighs 10,000 tons. Depending on temperature, away from the spire of the sun can be 18 centimeters (7 inches) due to thermal expansion of metal on the side facing the sun. The tower also sways 6-7 cm (2-3 inches) in the wind. As a demonstration of the economy of the building, when 7300 tons of metal structure were melted, it would fill 125 square meters with a depth of 6 cm (2:36 inches), which means the density of 7.8 tonnes of iron per cubic meter. The tower has a mass less than the mass of air in the cylinder with the same dimensions, 324 meters high and 88.3 radius. The weight of the tower is 10,100 tonnes compared to 10,265 tons of air.

The first and second levels are accessible by stairs and elevator. A ticket booth at the south tower to sell tickets to the stairs which begin at that location. On the first platform the stairs continue up from the east tower and the third level summit is only accessible by elevator. From the first or second platform the stairs open to all people who rise and fall depending on if they had bought tickets or tickets elevator stairs. Number 9 steps to the ticket counter at the bottom, 328 to the first level, 340 to the second level and 18 to the platform elevator at the second level. When exiting the elevator on the third level there are 15 steps to ascend to the upper observation platform. Number of steps printed periodically on the side of the stairs to give an indication of the ascent. Most of the ascent to the scene directly beneath and around the tower although short steps beebrapa closed.

Maintenance of the tower includes applying 50 to 60 tonnes of paint every seven years to protect it from rust. To maintain the appearance of the visitors below, three different colors used on the tower, with a dark color on the bottom and the lightest on top. Paint color changed; the tower is painted brownish-gray. On the first floor there are interactive consoles for the color to the next painting. Architect of the Eiffel Tower are Emile Nouguier, Maurice Koechlin and Stephen Sauvestre.

History

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Construction of the Eiffel Tower in July 1888.

This structure was built between 1887 and 1889 as the entrance to Exposition Universelle, the World Exposition that celebrated the French Revolution a century. Actually planning to build the Eiffel tower in Barcelona, for the 1888 Universal Exposition, but the responsible parties in Barcelona city hall thought strange and expensive, and does not fit the city. After the rejection of Plan Barcelona, Eiffel send the draft to the party responsible for the Universal Exposition in Paris, where he built his tower a year later, in 1889. The tower was inaugurated on March 31, 1889, and opened on 6 May. Three hundred workers joined together 18,083 Embedded metal parts (pure form of structural iron), using two and a half million of nails, in the form of structural by Maurice Koechlin. Risk of accidents is very large, to the modern skyscrapers the tower is unusually open without the middle level except for two platforms. However, because Eiffel took caution, including the use of moving pulley block, track and display aids, only one person who died.
Landscape Construction of the Eiffel Tower: the first level

The tower is a different criticism from the public when it was constructed, called it disturbing eyes. Daily newspapers are filled with letters of criticism from the art community in Paris. One of them included in the publication of the U.S. Government Publishing Office of William Watson of the Paris Universal Exposition: Civil Engineering, Public Works, and Architecture 1892. “And for twenty years we have seen, runs through the town, still lived by people centuries genius, we see a black shadowy expanse of black columns, built of iron spikes.” Signing this letter include Messonier, Gounod, Garnier, Gerome, Bougeureau, and Dumas.

Author of the novel [(Guy de Maupassant]] – who hate the tower – had lunch at the Tower restaurant every day. When asked why, he replied that it was the only place in Paris where we can not see the Tower. Today, still regarded as a prominent part of the building arts.

Cliché one Hollywood film has the look of a Parisian window always showed tower. In fact, since the building height restriction in Paris to 7 levels, only a few high-rise buildings that have a clear view of the tower.

Eiffel tower have permission to stand for 20 years, which means that must be dismantled in 1909, when ownership transferred to the City of Paris. City has plans meruntuhkannya (part of the original contest rules for designing a tower that easily demolished) but after this tower brings proven benefit in terms of communications, the tower was left standing after the permit expires. Military use it to set the cab on the front lines of Paris during the First Battle of the Marne, and the battle was a victory monument.

The shape of the tower
Looking up the Eiffel Tower.

When the tower was built many people were surprised with a challenging form. Eiffel was criticized for the design and forced to try to design something artsy, or no art from the side view, with no desire to build. Eiffel and his engineers, known as a bridge builder, to understand the interests of wind power and know that they will build the world’s tallest structure they must match the wind. In an interview reported the newspaper Le Temps, Eiffel said:
“Now for what I give the main reason for its design? The tower is windproof. Okay! I certify that the curvature of four external side of the tower, as mathematical calculation (…) will give a good view of the strength and beauty, and gives the impression to anyone who saw the overall sophistication of design. ”

-Translated from the French newspaper Le Temps on February 14, 1887

The shape of the tower had previously been expressed by mathematical calculation windproof. Several theories have been proposed calculations for years, most recently the nonlinear integral equation is different based on the balancing of wind pressure from any side of the tower with the tension between the construction elements at that time. Exponential shape. Plot dangerous in the arch of the tower, featuring two different exponents, the bottom has a strong defense against the wind.

Installation
Eiffel Tower and the Seine at night

Since the early 20th century, this tower has been used for radio transmissions. Until the 1950s, a collection of wires extending from the tower until the meeting ends on Avenue de Suffren and Champ de Mars. They are connected by long wave transmitters in small bunkers; in 1909, an underground radio center was built near the permanent south pillar and still exists today. [Citation needed] On 20 November 1913, Paris Observatory, using the Eiffel Tower as an antenna, sends a signal without cable with the Observation Center United States Navy, which uses an antenna in Arlington, Virginia. Object transmission to measure the difference of longitude between Paris and Washington, DC

The tower has two restaurants: Altitude 95, on the first level (95 m, 311 feet above sea level), and Jules Verne, an expensive gastronomical restaurant on the second level, with a special elevator. This restaurant has one star in the Michelin Red Guide. In January 2007, a chef with many Michelin star Alain Ducasse was brought to the Tower to run Jules Verne.

Top observation deck, with a height of 275 meters, is the highest area of architectural structures in the European Union, which was opened to the public.

Passenger elevator from ground level to the first level and operated by the towing cable which is run by a big piston-powered water. When he climbed the arch, ride the elevator cabin a bit, but with a surprise up every few seconds, to maintain equal levels. Development elevator shown and opened to the public in a museum in one of the four pillars of the tower.

Events

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Eiffel Tower lightning June 3, 1902, at 9:20 tonight
The Eiffel Tower as a billboard for Citroën from 1925 until 1934.

* On 10 September 1889, Thomas Edison visited the tower. He signed the guest book with the following message -

“To Tn. Eiffel the Engineer the brave builder of modern architecture and original from someone who gives great appreciation for all Engineers, including the Great Engineer the Bon Dieu, Thomas Edison. ”

* In 1902, the tower was struck by lightning (see photo at right). Peak height of 100 m (330 ft) to be rebuilt and the lights illuminating the tower immediately replaced.
* Father Theodor Wulf in 1910 observed that emit energy emitted at the top and bottom of the tower, find the top more than expected, and initiated what is now called cosmic rays.
* On February 4, 1912, Austrian tailor Franz Reichelt died after jumping 60 feet from the first deck of Eiffel tower with a homemade parachute.
* In 1925, artist Victor Lustig “sold” the tower is as old iron.
* In 1930, the tower lost his title as the world’s tallest structure when the Chrysler Building was completed in New York City.
* From 1925 until 1934, a billboard for Citroën meet three of the four sides of the tower, making it the tallest billboard in the world at that time.
* Before the Nazi occupation of Paris in 1940, the elevator cable was cut by the French so that Adolf Hitler had to climb the stairs to the top. The parts to fix it impossible to obtain because of the war. In 1940 Nazi soldiers had to climb up to fly the swastika, but the flag was so large that the wind a few hours later, and replaced by a little. When visiting Paris, Hitler chose was under. It is said that Hitler had mastered French, not the Eiffel Tower. A French measure the tower during the German occupation to the French flag. In August 1944, when the Allies approached Paris, Hitler ordered General Dietrich von Choltitz, the military governor of Paris, demolish the tower along with the entire city. Von Choltitz refused the order. Elevator tower working normally a few hours after the Liberation of Paris.
* On January 3, 1956, fires scorch the top of the tower.
* In 1957, the radio antenna is added on top.
* In the 1980s, an old restaurant and demolished the foundations of iron; bought and rebuilt in St. Charles Avenue in New Orleans, Louisiana, by entrepreneurs John Onorio and Daniel Bonnot, called the Tour Eiffel Restaurant, better known as the Red Room. This restaurant made back than 11,000 parts across the Atlantic in a cargo container 40 feet (12 m).
* On March 31, 1984, Robert Moriarty flew a Beechcraft Bonanza through the arches under the tower.
* In the movie action / adventure of James Bond in 1985 A View to a Kill, Sir Roger Moore as James Bond after May Day played by actress Grace Jones at the Eiffel Tower. He parachute from the structure to escape. Video movie theme song, sung by Duran Duran, also included several scenes band singing in the tower which clashed with scenes from the film. 20 years earlier, Bond film Thunderball (1985) shows the tower when the Largo, played by Adolfo Celi, parked outside Specter’s office in Paris.
* On July 14, 1995, Bastille Day, France sintesiser musician Jean Michel Jarre performed Concert for Concern in the tower without the assistance of UNESCO. This free concert is visited by 1.5 million people, meet the Champ-de-Mars. The concert and light show projected effects on the tower, and a huge fireworks outside. 3 years later, he returned the same place for other music events, Electronic Night.
* In the New Year 2000 celebrations, the Eiffel Tower of Paris held a Millennium celebration. Fireworks were fired from the entire length of the tower in a spectacular performance. An exhibition at the cafeteria on the first level was also celebrated.
* In 2000, the lights flicker and four high-powered beacon mounted on the tower. Since then the light show has become a daily event every night. Beacon atop the tower make it a beacon towers in the night sky of Paris.
* The tower was receiving guests to 200,000,000 in 2002.
* At 19:20 on July 22, 2003, fire broke out at the top of the tower in preparation for the broadcast. The entire tower emptied; setelaqh fire under control 40 minutes, and there are no reports of injuries.
* Since 2004, the Eiffel Tower has made the ski field on the first ice during the winter.